Spain has long been a dream destination for international property buyers. With its rich culture, world-class beaches, and Mediterranean lifestyle, areas like the Costa del Sol and Marbella continue to attract investors, expats, and second-home seekers. But with the recent changes to the Golden Visa, navigating the residency process has become more complex—and more important—than ever before.
In this episode of the Nusun Network Podcast, Chris Cassidy sits down with immigration expert Victoria from Martinez-Echevarria Law in Marbella to unravel Spain’s evolving residency rules, explain alternatives to the Golden Visa, and guide investors through their available options.
Watch our full discussion with Victoria, an immigration and real estate law specialist, on YouTube. She explains everything from non-lucrative visas to digital nomad residency options, and much more.
What Happened to the Golden Visa in Spain?
As of April 2024, the popular Golden Visa program was officially abolished. Previously, this residency permit allowed non-EU investors to obtain residency by purchasing real estate valued at €500,000 or more. It granted a 3-year permit for the main applicant and up to five family members—with no requirement to become a tax resident in Spain.
However, this is no longer available. International buyers must now explore other legal pathways to residency if they intend to stay in Spain longer than the standard tourist period (90 days in 180 days).
Key Alternatives to the Golden Visa
1. Non-Lucrative Residence Permit
This is a popular option for retirees or individuals with passive income. Applicants must prove they can financially support themselves without working in Spain. Requirements include:
- Proof of sufficient income or savings
- Private health insurance
- No criminal record
Valid for 1 year initially, renewable for 2 years at a time. Applicants must submit documents to the Spanish consulate in their home country and enter Spain with their residency already approved.
2. Digital Nomad Visa
Ideal for remote workers, this 3-year residency permit allows individuals to live in Spain while working for a foreign company. It also allows for partial income from a Spanish company.
Eligibility criteria:
- Work for a company outside Spain
- Proof of remote work permission from your employer
- A university degree or minimum 3 years’ work experience
- Minimum income level
Family members can also benefit from this permit.
3. Self-Employment Permit (Autónomo)
For entrepreneurs or business owners who want to relocate and operate a business in Spain. Applicants must:
- Present a viable business plan
- Show proof of resources and business activity
- Obtain local approval from relevant bodies in Spain
Permit is granted for 1 year and renewable for 4 years. Social Security registration is required, offering access to Spain’s public healthcare system.
4. Family Member of an EU or Spanish Citizen
Those married to or related to EU or Spanish citizens may qualify for residency under family reunification laws. Requirements include co-residency in Spain and proof of family ties. Note: new 2024 changes now require this permit to be requested from the applicant’s home country, rather than within Spain.
Important Tax Considerations
With the end of the Golden Visa, most residency permits now require tax residency. This means paying income tax in Spain if you’re present more than 183 days per year. Victoria advises every client to consult a tax lawyer before applying, especially entrepreneurs or digital nomads who own their companies.
Double Taxation Treaties
Spain has agreements with countries like the UK, USA, and Canada to avoid double taxation. However, thorough due diligence is advised to avoid unexpected tax burdens.
Healthcare Requirements
Non-lucrative permit holders must have private health insurance for at least the first year. Once residents, they can switch to Spain’s public healthcare system by paying into Social Security.
Self-employed individuals and those on digital nomad visas contribute to Social Security from day one, granting them access to Spain’s public healthcare network.
Recent Legal Changes & What’s Coming in 2025
Victoria highlights the changes coming into effect in May 2024, including stricter rules for family reunification and expanded work rights for students under education-based permits. While more changes may come, the key message is: get professional legal and tax guidance before you invest.
The Bottom Line: You Can Still Move to Spain
Despite the Golden Visa being scrapped, Spain remains one of the most attractive destinations for international property investors. Whether you want a holiday home, plan to retire, or are relocating as a remote worker—residency is still possible, you just need the right visa pathway.
Make informed decisions by speaking with qualified lawyers and tax experts. If you’re planning to buy in Costa del Sol or Marbella, we’re here to help every step of the way.
